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[dinosaur] Theropod arms + new Smithsonian Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus mounts + ichthyosaur salt glands + more





Ben Creisler


Some recent items:

SVP meeting
Hail the Lizard King. T. Rex's Puny Arms Were Useful After All.


SVP Abstract:

Technical Session I (Wednesday, October 17, 2018, 12:00 PM) EXPLORING ELBOW KINEMATICS IN THE AMERICAN ALLIGATOR AND DOMESTIC TURKEY: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREDATORY DINOSAUR FORELIMBS LANGEL, Christopher R., Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, United States of America; BONNAN, Matthew F., Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, United States of America Non-avian theropod dinosaurs were bipeds that used their forelimbs in a variety of ways. Lack of modern analogs and missing soft tissues continue to present challenges for reconstructing non-avian theropod forelimb range of motion. Therefore, it is instructive to understand the range of motion in the forelimb of extant archosaurs (crocodylians and birds). We chose to investigate the range of radius and ulna movement relative to the humerus in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Forelimbs of intact, fresh alligator and turkey cadavers implanted with tracking markers were manually flexed and extended in a single plane. These movements were captured using high-speed cineradiography. Using XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology), we reconstructed the resulting three-dimensional forelimb bone orientation and range of motion. Our results show that during elbow flexion and extension, the radius and ulna of both alligators and turkeys follow a complex pattern of long axis rotation (pronation/supination) and abduction/adduction at the elbow joint. Both long axis rotation and abduction/adduction were more pronounced in turkeys, motions which enhance wing folding. Moreover, for both alligators and turkeys the radius and ulna translate in parallel to one another during elbow flexion. Given the similarities in non-avian theropod forelimb bone morphology to those of alligators and turkeys, these data suggest that accurately reconstructing the range of movement in non-avian theropod elbows requires rigorous inferences of soft tissue morphology in addition to bone morphology. Moreover, our data suggest that long-axis rotation and abduction/adduction of both the radius and ulna at the elbow must have played a significant role in non-avian theropod forelimb use.Â


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T rex. Scotty, Saskatchewanâs official fossil, was a female
Sunday, October 21, 2018 at 8 PM on CBC-TV



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Smithsonian Dinosaur Hall update

Allosaurus: How do you make a predatory dinosaur relatable? Show it as a parent.
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Allosaurus revised mount depicts it sitting with nest (with video)



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Ceratosaurus: A Smithsonian Dino-Celebrity Finally Tells All (and gets knocked over by a Stegosaurus...)



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The Secret to Dinosaur Hip Shape

A new analysis asks whether eating plants or different ways of breathing influenced the shape of dinosaur hips



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Death of a Fossil Hunter: Junchang LÃ was is one of the most important dinosaur researchers of the past half century


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More on Saurian T. rex reconstruction


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Dinosaur fossils discovered in Inner Mongolia: sauropod, Archaeomithomimus



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Russian grandfather of T. rex (Kileskus aristotocus) (in Czech)



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Dynamoterror dynastes on PravÄk.info ("Pravek" means "Prehistory" in Czech)



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Dinosaurs finds from 50 years of joint Russian-Mongolian expeditions (in Russian)


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SVP meeting
Ancient Ichthyosaurs Swallowed a Lot of Salty Water. This Is How They Got Rid of It.



Abstract

Technical Session II (Wednesday, October 17, 2018, 8:00 AM) SALT GLAND STRUCTURES IN ICHTHYOSAURUS? MASSARE, Judy A., SUNY Brockport, Brockport, NY, United States of America; WAHL, William R., Wyoming Dinosaur Center, Thermopolis, WY, United States of America; LOMAX, Dean R., The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom Salt-secreting glands allow marine reptiles to remove salts that accumulate from ingesting seawater and prey that is isosmotic with seawater. Salt glands have been considered a primitive feature for diapsid reptiles. Their anatomical position varies among extant reptiles, from orbital glands in sea turtles to oral glands in marine crocodiles and snakes, to nasal glands in lizards and birds. Because of the difference in position, salt glands are thought to have originated independently multiple times. The presence of salt glands in extinct marine reptiles have been inferred from structures in the antorbital region of metriorhynchid crocodiles and narial region of mesosaurs. Additionally, paired casts of lobate structures in the internal nasal region of the Cretaceous polycotylid plesiosaur Pahasapasaurus haasi and the Late Jurassic ichthyosaur Ophthalmosaurus natans have been interpreted as evidence of nasal salt glands. Here we report the occurrence of structures in the external nares that might indicate the presence of salt gland ducts. In several specimens of the Early Jurassic ichthyosaur Ichthyosaurus (including the holotype of I. larkini), a small triangular process on the lacrimal protrudes into the external naris, defining a circular region at the posterior end of the naris. On two specimens of I. somersetensis, a ring of bone occurs in a similar position. These features might mark the position of a duct for excreting a concentrated salt solution from nasal salt glands. This is an ideal position for such a duct because the flow of water across the skull during swimming would efficiently carry away the salt solution. Poster Session (WednesdayâSaturday, October 17â20, 2018,Â


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Vrombe: The Largest Bird of all time (in Czech)




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videos

Your Place in the Primate Family Tree
PBS Eons




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Palaeocast Episode 95: Plants and Atmosphere