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Ceratopsine phylogeny questions
While browsing the SVP meeting abstracts yesterday, This was,
IMHO, one of the more interesting ones:
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AND THEN THERE WAS ONE: SYNONYMY CONSEQUENCES OF TRICERATOPS
CRANIAL ONTOGENY
SCANNELLA, John, Museum of the Rockies, Montana State University, Bozeman,
MT,USA
Two years after the initial description of the famous ceratopsid dinosaur
Triceratops, O.C. Marsh named and described the first specimen of Torosaurus
latus (Ceratopsidae: Chasmosaurinae) from the same geological formation and
roughly the same area of Wyoming, USA. Since then, only a handful of specimens
of T. latus have been recovered whereas Triceratops remains are abundant and
represented by several different ontogenetic stages. These genera are
distinguished solely on the basis of their parietal-squamosal frill morphology.
Triceratops has been considered an unusual chasmosaurine for possessing a
short, broad unfenestrated cranial frill, whereas Torosaurus has an expanded,
fenestrated frill. A study of comparative cranial morphology reveals that the
major changes which occur
throughout Triceratops ontogeny continue beyond what was previously considered
the adult growth stage and result in the parietal-squamosal frill morphologies
which diagnose T. latus. Torosaurus actually represents the mature adult
morphology of Triceratops.
Osteohistological examination of a Triceratops postorbital horn core growth
series confirms that large Triceratops which have yet to develop the expanded
frill morphology previously considered characteristic of Torosaurus are not
fully mature. Torosaurus horn core osteohistology reveals multigenerational
Haversian tissue, which is indicative of mature bone. The unexpected degree of
plasticity found in ceratopsid and other dinosaur skulls throughout growth
entails that an understanding of ontogeny is critical to our comprehension of
dinosaur paleobiology and systematics.
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As the abstract notes, _Triceratops_ was named before _Torosaurus_,
so it would seem _Torosaurus_ would be sunk into _Triceratops_.
However, since the type specimen of _Triceratops_ does not exhibit the adult
frill morphology of the genus, how, if at all, would this affect the
nomenclature?
In addition, it would seem possible that _Arrhinoceratops_ from the older
Horseshoe Canyon Fm. might represent the adult morph (and senior synonym) of
the recently named _Eotriceratops_. If the latter turns out to be the case,
are there any real diagnostic differences between the adult morph of
_Triceratops_ and _Arrhinoceratops_ that would justify separating these taxa at
the generic level? To potentially muddy the waters further, where does this
place the taxonomic status of _Torosaurus_ utahensis?
Guy Leahy