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RE: Archaeopteryx not the first bird, is the earliest known (powered) flying dinosaur

Gregory Paul wrote-

As far as I can tell archaeopterygians have no derived
flight features not found in flying dromaeosuars. I have not checked in detail
but I do not think these characters are being incorporated into cladograms.
Their proper inclusion will only reinforce the more derived phylogenetic status
of dromaeosaurs. Would be nice if someone would incorporate these features
into their cladistic character lists - I'm not going to do it.

This is something my character list is ideal to determine. Are characters placing dromaeosaurs in Ornithurae sensu Gauthier being included in cladistic analyses? Well, Paul (2002) conveniently listed them in DA. They are listed below, with which analyses they've been used in (modifications of analyses are not included, so for instance, if the TWG includes a character, only the first of their analyses to do so will be listed)-

pterygoid - size of ectopterygoid process
= Sereno 1999 character 49 - Pterygoid mandibular ramus: broad flange (0); short process (1).
= Xu et al. 1999 character 94 - pterygoid flange: includes major contribution from pterygoid (0); is formed mostly by ectopterygoid (1) (Currie, 1995).
= Norell et al. 2001 character 64 - Flange of pterygoid well developed (0), or reduced in size or absent (1).
= Currie and Varricchio 2004 character 32 - pterygoid flange - includes major contribution from pterygoid (0); is formed mostly by ectopterygoid (1).

quadrate - height
= Sereno et al., 1996 character 46 - quadrate short, head near mid-orbit.
= Harris 1998 character 16 - quadrate short, with head near level of mid-orbit - no (0); yes (1) (Sereno et al., 1996).
= Sereno 1999 character 63 - Quadrate height: 70-90% (0), or 40-50% (1), of the height of the skull at mid-orbit.
= Azuma and Currie 2000 character 98 - Quadrate,: 0, tall; 1, short with head at mid-orbital height.
= Currie and Carpenter 2000 character 20 - Quadrate short: 0 - no. 1 - yes.
= Holtz 2000 character 68 - Quadrate dorsal ramus: 0, less than height of orbit; 1, greater than height of orbit.

sacral vertebrae - number
= Holtz 1992 character 48 - more than five sacrals.
= Sanz and Bonaparte 1992 character 6 - number of sacral vertebrae.
= Holtz 1994 character 121 - greater than five sacral vertebrae.
= Makovicky 1995 character 27 - four vertebrae incorporated into sacrum (0); five vertebrae incorporated into sacrum (1); six or more vertebrae incorporated into
sacrum (2).
= Sues 1997 character 25 - fewer than six sacral vertebrae (0) or six or more (1).
= Forster et al. 1998 character 31 - number of sacral vertebrae: 5 or less (0), 6 or more (1). (adapted from Ostrom, 1976)
= Makovicky and Sues 1998 character 49 - less than six sacral vertebrae (0) or six or more sacral vertebrae (1) (Holtz, 1994).
= Sereno 1999 character 39 - Sacral vertebrae, number: three (0); five (1); six or more (second sacrodorsal attached to preacetabular process) (2).
= Zhou 1999 character 29 - number of sacral vertebrae in synsacrum - 5 (0); more than 5 (1).
= Holtz 2000 character 185 - Number of sacrals (as determined by number of vertebrae which attach to pelvic girdle): 0, two; 1, three; 2, four; 3, five; 4, six; 5, more than six. O
= Rauhut 2000 character 113 - Number of sacral vertebrae: two (0) - three (1) - more than three (2) - more than five (3) (modified from GAUTHIER 1986).
= Hutchinson 2001 character 1 - Number of sacral vertebrae: two (0), three or four (1), five (2), six (3), seven (4), eight or nine (5), ten (6), or eleven or more (7). Ordered.
= Norell et al. 2001 character 111 - Number of sacral vertebrae: 5 (0) or 6 (1), or 8 or more (2). Ordered.
= Maryanska et al. 2002 character 109 - Number of vertebrae included in the synsacrum in adults: not more than five (0); more than five (1).

cervical ribs 3-9 - length
= Holtz 1992 character 58 - posterior shafts do not overlap (Bakker et al., 1988).
= Russell and Dong 1994 character 25 - shaft of cervical ribs slender and usually moderately long (0); broad and short (1).
= Sereno 1999 character 51 - Mid cervical (C4-8) rib length: longer than (0), or subequal to (1), centrum length.
= Holtz 2000 character 201 - Shaft of cervical ribs: 0, moderately long (two to three times centrum length) and slender; 1, extremely long (four or more times centrum length) and slender; 2, short (less than twice centrum length) and broad; 3, short (less than twice centrum length) and slender. UO
= Norell et al. 2001 character 125 - Shaft of cervical ribs slender and longer than vertebra to which they articulate (0) or broad and shorter than vertebra (1).
= Maryanska et al. 2002 character 106 - Shafts of the cervical ribs: longer than the respective centra (0), not longer than the respective centra (1).
= Ji et al. 2005 character 202 - Shaft of cervical ribs slender and longer than vertebra to which they articulate (0) or broad and shorter than vertebra (1).

cervical vertebrae - central articulation shape
= Chiappe and Calvo 1994 character 19 - heterocoelous cervical vertebrae - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 1995 character 19 - heterocoelous cervical vertebrae - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe et al. 1998 character 14 - Anterior cervical vertebrae heterocoelous: absent (0), present (1).
= Forster et al. 1998 character 27 - heterocoelus cervical vertebrae: absent (0); present (1). (Sanz et al., 1995)
= Chatterjee 1999 character 33 - heterocoelous anterior cervicals - absent (0); present (1) (Chiappe, 1993).
= Frankfurt and Chiappe 1999 character 5 - heterocoelous articular surfaces - absent (0); present (1).
= Sereno 1999 character 25 - Mid-cervical centra , form of articular faces: amphiplaytan (0); heterocoelic (1).
= Zhou 1999 character 27 - heterocoelous cervical vertebrae - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 2001 character 31 - Cranial cervical vertebrae heterocoelous: absent (0), present (1).
= Norell and Clarke 2001 character 52 - Cervical vertebrae: (0) dorsoventrally compressed amphicoelous; (1) anterior surface heterocoelous, posterior surface flat; (2) both anterior and posterior surfaces heterocoelous. (ordered)

dorsal vertebrae (1-3) - hypapophysis size
= Gauthier 1986 character 70 - hypapophyses on vertebrae from cervicothoracic region.
= Sanz and Bonaparte 1992 character 3 - cervicodorsal neurapophyses.
= Chiappe and Calvo 1994 character 14 - prominent ventral processes on cervico-dorsal vertebrae - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 1995 character 14 - prominent ventral processes on cervico-dorsal vertebrae - absent (0); present (1).
= Makovicky 1995 character 22 - hypapophysis small (0); hypapophysis large and prominent (1) Gauthier, 1986).
= Novas 1996 character 67 - prominent ventral processes of cervico-dorsal vertebrae - absent (0); present (1).
= Sues 1997 character 24 - hypapophyses on cervicodorsal vertebrae absent or small (0) or prominent (1).
= Chiappe et al. 1998 character 16 - Prominent ventral processes on cervico-dorsal vertebrae: absent (0), present (1).
= Forster et al. 1998 character 28 - ventral processes (hypapophyses) on cervicodorsal vertebrae: absent or very weakly developed (0), present, well developed (1). (Gauthier, 1986)
= Harris 1998 character 63 - ventral processes (=hypapophyses) on caudal cervical and cranial dorsal vertebrae - absent (0); present on cranial dorsals only (1); present on caudal cervicals and cranial dorsals (2).
= Makovicky and Sues 1998 character 42 - large hypapophyses in anterior dorsal vertebrae absent (0) or present (1) (Gauthier, 1986).
= Sereno 1999 character 25 - Anterior dorsal vertebrae, pendant hypapophyses: absent (0); present (1).
= Sereno 1999 character 50 - Hypapophyses in posterior cervical and anterior dorsals: crest-shaped (0); pendant (1).
= Currie and Carpenter 2000 character 54 - Cervical vertebrae, hypapophyses of posterior cervicals and anterior dorsals: 0 - absent. 1 - anterior dorsals only. 2 - posterior cervicals and anterior dorsals.
= Holtz 2000 character 166 - Ventral processes (hypapophyses) on cervicodorsal vertebrae: 0, absent; 1, present as small protrusion; 2, very well developed. O (GAUTHIER, 1986)
= Norell et al. 2000 character 28 - Large hypapophyses on anterior dorsals absent (0) or present (1).
= Rauhut 2000 character 107 - Hypapophyses in anterior dorsals: absent or poorly developed (0) - strongly pronounced (1) (GAUTHIER 1986).
= Chiappe 2001 character 34 - Prominent (50% or more the height of the centrum?s cranial articular surface) ventral processes of the cervicothoracic vertebrae: absent (0), present (1).
= Norell and Clarke 2001 character 53 - Thoracic vertebrae (with ?true? ribs, articulating with the sternum), one or more with prominent hypapophyses: (0) absent; (1) present.
= Norell et al. 2001 character 104 - Anterior trunk vertebrae without prominent hypapophyses (0) or with large hypapophyses (1).
= Maryanska et al. 2002 character 122 - Hypapophyses in the cervicodorsal vertebral region: absent (0); small (1); prominent (2).

uncinate processes - ossification
= Cracraft 1986 character 30 - ossified uncinate processes - absent (0); present (1).
= Sanz and Bonaparte 1992 character 10 - uncinate processes on the ribs.
= Chiappe and Calvo 1994 character 22 - uncinate processes - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 1995 character 22 - ossified uncinate processes - absent (0); present (1).
= Hou et al. 1996 character 20 - Uncinate processes on ribs: absent (0); present (1).
= Sereno 1999 character 75 - Uncinate ossifications on several dorsal ribs: absent (0); present (1).
= Zhou 1999 character 34 - uncinate processes on ribs - absent (0); present (1).
= Holtz 2000 character 202 - Uncinate processes: 0, absent or unossified; 1, ossified.
= Chiappe 2001 character 53 - Ossified uncinate processes: absent (0), present (1).
= Norell and Clarke 2001 character 69 - Ossified uncinate processes: (0) absent; (1) present; (2) fused to ribs. (ordered)
= Norell et al. 2001 character 126 - Ossified uncinate processes absent (0) or present (1).
= Lu 2004 character 197 - Ossified uncinate processes: absent (0); present (1).

sternal ribs - ossification
= Sereno 1999 character 54 - Sternal ribs (three pairs): absent (0); present (1).
= Norell et al. 2001 character 127 - Ossified ventral rib segments absent (0) or present (1).

sternum - number of sternal ribs that contact sternum
= Norell and Clarke 2001 character 77 - Sternal costal processes: (0) three; (1) four; (2) five; (3) six; (4) seven; (5) eight. (ordered)
= Clarke 2002 character 76 - Sternum, number of processes for articulation with the sternal ribs: (0) three, (1) four, (2) five, (3) six, (4) seven or more. (ORDERED)
= Xu and Zhang 2005 character 26 - Sternal ribs no more than three (0) or more than three (1).

sternum - size
= Sanz and Buscalioni 1992 character 13 - sternal development - anteroposterior sternal length similar to coracoidal length (0); much greater than coracoidal length (1).
= Chiappe and Calvo 1994 character 31 - large and rectangular shaped sternum - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 1995 character 31 - large, rectangular ossified shaped sternum - absent (0); present (1).
= Novas 1996 character 68 - large, rectangular ossified sternum - absent (0); present (1).
= Makovicky and Sues 1998 character 63 - sternum absent or comprising two small plates (0) or sternum comprising large plates that exceed coracoids in size (1).
= Sereno 1999 character 57 - Sternal length: shorter (0), or subequal (1), to scapular length.
= Holtz 2000 character 224 - Sternum size: 0, craniocaudal length similar to coracoid length; 1, much greater than coracoid length.
= Maryanska et al. 2002 character 124 - Sternum: unossified or small (0); ossified,large (1).

sternum - ossification
= Cracraft 1986 character 29 - ossified sternum - absent (0); present (1).
= Maryanska et al. 2002 character 124 - Sternum: unossified or small (0); ossified, large (1).

scapula - anteroposterior width of distal end
= Chiappe and Calvo 1994 character 29 - sharp scapular caudal end - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 1995 character 29 - sharp scapular caudal end - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe et al. 1998 character 36 - Scapular caudal end blunt and usually expanded (0), or tapered to sharp point (1).
= Forster et al. 1998 character 43 - scapula with tapered distal end: absent (0); present (1). (Ostrom, 1976)
= Chatterjee 1999 character 43 - scapula, posterior end - wide (0); tapering process (1) (Chiappe, in press).
= Zhou 1999 character 48 - scapular shaft tapers caudally - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 2001 character 65 - Scapular caudal end blunt and usually expanded (0), or tapered to a sharp point (1).
= Norell and Clarke 2001 character 100 - Scapula, (0) posterior end as wide or wider than proximal dorsoventral width; (1) tapering distally.

scapula - size of acromion process
= Chiappe et al. 1996 character 86 - prominent acromion in the scapula - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe et al. 1998 character 37 - Prominent acromion in the scapula: absent (0), present (1).
= Hou et al. 1996 character 14 - Broad anterointernal scapular process: absent (0); present (1).
= Sereno 1999 character 77 - Acromion height (distance from axis of blade): 50% or more (0), or 40% or less (1), of the distance from the central axis of the blade to the acromion.
= Holtz 2000 character 213 - Acromion on scapula: 0, prominent; 1, reduced or absent.
= Rauhut 2000 character 134 - Acromion process of scapula: significantly and abruptly expanded dorsally (0) - small, dorsal rim of proximal scapula slopes gently downwards (1) (reversed and modified from MOLNAR et al. 1990).
= Chiappe 2001 character 67 - Prominent acromion in the scapula: absent (0), present (1).
= Holtz 2001 character 17 - Acromial expansion: 0, small, less than twice scapula midshaft width; 1, well developed, more than twice scapula midshaft width.

coracoid - anterior projection of anterodistal edge
= Cracraft 1986 character 17 - coracoid - not strut-like (0); strut-like (1).
= Sanz and Bonaparte 1992 character 12 - distally expanded coracoid.
= Sanz and Buscalioni 1992 character 10 - coracoids - not strut-like 90); avian strut-like coracoid (1).
= Chiappe and Calvo 1994 character 25 - strut like coracoid - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 1995 character 25 - strut-like coracoid - absent (0); present (1).
= Novas 1996 character 37 - coracoidal shaft - dorsoventral depth not exceeding its anteroposterior width (0); expanded ventrally, subrectangular in profile, dorsoventral depth more than 130% of anteroposterior width (1).
= Chiappe et al. 1998 character 33 - Coracoid shape: elongated with subrectangular profile (0), short (1), strut-like (2).
= Forster et al. 1998 character 49 - coracoid shape: short, rounded sternal border (0); elongate, subrectangular profile, rounded sternal border (1); elongate, strut-like (2). (adapted from Ostrom, 1976; Gauthier, 1986)
= Chatterjee 1999 character 45 - strut-like coracoid - absent (0); present (1) (Cracraft, 1986).
= Sereno 1999 character 34 - Coracoid shape, anterior view: subrectangular (0); subtriangular with constricted shaft proximally (1).
= Zhou 1999 character 61 - coracoid strut-like - absent (0); present (1).
= Holtz 2000 character 217 - Coracoid shape: 0, craniocaudally elongate to subcircular; 1, ventral coracoidal process well developed; 2, subrectangular, dorsoventral depth more than 130% of craniocaudal width; 3, strut-like. UO (GAUTHIER, 1986)
= Chiappe 2001 character 58 - Coracoid shape: short (0), elongated with trapezoidal profile (1), or strut-like (2).
= Norell and Clarke 2001 character 86 - Coracoid: (0) height approximately equal mediolaterial dimension; (1) height more than twice the mediolateral, coracoid ?strut like.?
= Chiappe and Walker 2002 character 4 - laterally compressed shoulder end of coracoid, with nearly aligned acrocoracoid process, humeral articular surface, and scapular facet, in dorsal view - absent (0); present (1).
= Lu 2004 character 198 - Coracoid shape: short (0); elongated with trapezoidal profile (1); strut like (2).
= Senter et al. 2004 character 46 - proximal constriction of coracoid into a "neck" - absent (0); present (1) (Sanz and Buscalioni, 1992).

metacarpal III - lateral margin
= Gauthier 1986 character 76 - metacarpal III bowed laterally and very thin compared to metacarpal II.
= Perez-Moreno et al., 1993 character 18 - Mc III/Mc II width ratio and shape of the diaphysis - Mc III not bowed and/or not very much thinner than Mc II (0); Mc III very much thinner than MC II and laterally bowed (1) (Gauthier, 1986).
= Russell and Dong 1994 character 42 - metacarpal III straight (0); bowed (1).
= Forster et al. 1998 character 63 - metacarpal III: straight (0); bowed laterally (1). (adapted from Tarsitano and Hecht, 1980; Gauthier, 1986)
= Makovicky and Sues 1998 character 71 - shaft of metacarpal III straight in palmar view (0) or laterally bowed (1) (Gauthier, 1986).
= Sereno 1999 character 110 - Metacarpal III shaft axis: straight (0); bowed laterally (1).
= Holtz 2000 character 265 - Metacarpal III shape: 0, straight; 1, bowed laterally. (GAUTHIER, 1986)
= Rauhut 2000 character 157 - Shaft of Mc III: straight (0) - bowed laterally (1) (GAUTHIER 1986).
= Gishlick 2002 character 24 - metacarpal III shape - straight (0); bowed laterally (1) (Gauthier, 1986).

manual phalanx II-1 - lateral flange
= Chiappe et al. 1996 character 99 - proximal phalanx of manal major digit (digit II) - of normal shape (0); craniocaudally expanded (1).
= Sereno 1999 character 16 - Manual II-1 and -2 phalanges, shaft shape: subcylindrical (0); subtriangular (1).
= Sereno 1999 character 42 - Manual II-1 phalanx, lateral shaft form: convex (0); excavated with lateral flange (1).
= Zhou 1999 character 93 - distal end of first phalanx of first manual digit significantly wider than proximal end - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 2001 character 115 - Proximal phalanx of major digit (II) of normal shape (0), or flat and craniocaudally expanded (1).
= Norell and Clarke 2001 character 150 - Manual digit II, phalanx 1: (0) subcylindrical to subtriangular; (1) strongly dorsoventrally flattened.

pubis - angle of projection
= Gauthier 1986 character 78 - pubic peduncle of ilium extends ventrally beyond level of ischiadic peduncle, and pubis directed posteroventrally.
= Cracraft 1986 character 18 - ilium-ischium-pubis - not parallel posteriorly (0); more or less parallel (1).
= Cracraft 1986 character 35 - moderately retroverted pubis - absent (0); present (1).
= Holtz 1992 character 84 - opisthopubic orientation.
= Sanz and Bonaparte 1992 character 16 - ilium-ischium not parallel posteriorly.
= Perez-Moreno et al., 1993 character 30 - pubis direction - anteroventrally directed (0); posteroventrally directed with a twisted proximal region (1); posteroventrally directed (2) (Gauthier, 1986).
= Chiappe and Calvo 1994 character 47 - ilium-ischium-pubis more or less parallel - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe and Calvo 1994 character 55 - retroverted pubis, separated from the main synsacral axis by an angle smaller than 45 degrees - absent (0); present (1).
= Holtz 1994 character 31 - opisthopubic pelvis (Gauthier, 1986).
= Russell and Dong 1994 character 50 - pubis propubic (0); opisthopubic (1).
= Chiappe 1995 character 47 - ilium-ischium-pubis more or less parallel - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 1995 character 55 - retroverted pubis, separated from the main synsacral axis by an angle smaller than 45 degrees - absent (0); present (1).
= Novas 1996 character 52 - pubis - cranioventrally oriented (0); caudoventrally oriented respect to the pubic pedicle of ilium (1).
= Martin 1997 character 31 - opisthopubic.
= Sues 1997 character 39 - pubis projecting anteroventrally (propubic condition; 0) or posteroventrally (opisthopubic condition; 1).
= Chiappe et al. 1998 character 63 - Pubis subvertically oriented (0), or well-retroverted (1).
= Forster et al. 1998 character 78 - angle of pubic shaft relative to the long axis of sacral vertebrae: projects cranially (0); subvertical (1); projects caudally (opisthopubic) (2).
= Harris 1998 character 109 - morphology of pubis in lateral view - curve caudally (0); straight (1); curve cranially (2); retroverted (3).
= Makovicky and Sues 1998 character 80 - pubis propubic (0) or opisthopubic (1) (Ostrom, 1976).
= Chatterjee 1999 character 73 - attitude of pubis - 45 degrees or more (0); subparallel to ischium to enclose obturator foramen (1) (Cracraft, 1986).
= Xu et al. 1999 character 51 - Pubis projects anteroventrally (propubic condition) (0) or posteroventrally (opisthopubic condition) (1) (Sues, 1997).
= Xu et al. 1999 character 59 - pubic shaft relative to the long axis of sacral vertebrae: projects cranially or subvertically [but slightly anteriorly] (0); caudally or subvertically [but slightly posteriorly] (1) (modified from Forster et al., 1998).
= Currie and Carpenter 2000 character 86 - Pubis, in lateral view: 0 - curves posteriorly. 1 - straight. 2 - curves anteriorly. 3 - retroverted.
= Holtz 2000 character 309 - Pubis orientation: 0, propubic, shaft approximately 45 degrees from horizontal; 1, propubic, proximal portion of shaft approximately 30 degrees from horizontal; 2, vertical; 3, opisthopubic; 4, caudoventrally directed with twisted proximal region. UO
= Rauhut 2000 character 167 - Pelvis: propubic (0) - opisthopubic (1) (SEELEY 1887c).
= Chiappe 2001 character 122 - Orientation of proximal portion of pubis: cranially to subvertically oriented (0), retroverted, separated from the main synsacral axis by an angle ranging between 65 degrees than 45 degrees (1), or more or less parallel to the ilium and ischium (2).
= Hutchinson 2001 character 17 - Pubic retroversion (Figs 8, 11): pubis cranially oriented (0), pubis at or slightly behind vertical (1), or pubis well retroverted (2). Ordered.
= Norell and Clarke 2001 character 156 - Ischium and pubis: (0) not subparallel; (1) subparallel and posteriorly directed; (2) posteriorly directed and appressed. (ordered)
= Norell et al. 2001 character 176 - Pubis propubic (0) or pubis vertical (1), or pubis posteriorly oriented (opisthopubic) (2). Ordered.
= Clarke 2002 character 157 - Ischium and pubis: (0) not subparallel, pubis directed nearly directly ventrally; (1) subparallel, pubis posteriorly directed.
= Clark et al. 2002 character 178 - Pubis propubic (0) or pubis vertical (1), or pubis moderately posteriorly oriented (2), or pubis fully posteriorly oriented (opisthopubic) (3). Ordered.
= Maryanska et al. 2002 character 165 - Pelvis: propubic (0); mesopubic (1); opisthopubic (2).

ilium - dorsal margin of acetabulum in dorsal/ventral view
= Russell and Dong 1994 character 48 - supracetabular crest present on ilium (0); reduced or absent (1).
= Novas 1996 character 4 - supracetabular crest - present (0); absent (1).
= Chiappe et al. 1998 character 68 - Supracetabular crest on ilium absent or rudimentary (0), extending throughout the acetabulum (1), or extending only over the rostral half of the acetabulum (2).
= Martin 1997 character 29 - supracetabular crest.
= Xu et al. 1999 character 45 - Supraacetabular crest present on ilium (0) or reduced or absent (1) (Russell and Dong, 1993).
= Holtz 2000 character 299 - Supracetabular crest on ilium: 0, present; 1, absent. (RUSSELL & DONG, 1993a)
= Chiappe 2001 character 126 - Supracetabular crest on ilium: well-developed (0), absent or rudimentary (1).
= Holtz 2001 character 29 - Supracetabular crest on ilium: 0, prominent; 1, reduced.
= Norell et al. 2001 character 158 - Supraacetabular crest on ilium as a separate process from antitrochanter, forms ?hood?over femoral head present (0) reduced, not forming hood (1) or absent (2).
= Maryanska et al. 2002 character 157 - Supracetabular crest: well developed (0); reduced or absent (1).

ilium - antitrochanter
= Cracraft 1986 character 7 - pelvis, prominent antitrochanter - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe and Calvo 1994 character 48 - prominent antitrochanter - absent (0); present (1).
= Chiappe 1995 character 48 - pelvis with prominent antitrochanter - absent (0); present (1).
= Novas 1996 character 50 - antitrochanter on ilium - slightly marked (0); prominent (1).
= Chiappe et al. 1998 character 64 - Prominent antitrochanter: absent (0), caudally directed (1), or dorso-caudally directed (2).
= Forster et al. 1998 character 74 - antitrochanter on ilium: absent or very small (0); present, prominent (1). (adapted from Ostrom, 1976; Perle et al., 1993)
= Chatterjee 1999 character 67 - pelvis, antitrochanter - absent (0); present (1) (Cracraft, 1986).
= Sereno 1999 character 89 - Iliac antitrochanter on acetabular margin: weak or absent (0); prominent (1).
= Zhou 1999 character 104 - antitrochanter - absent (0); present (1).
= Holtz 2000 character 303 - Prominent antitrochanter on ilium: 0, absent; 1, present.
= Holtz 2001 character 111 - Iliac antitrochanter just dorsal to iliac-ischial articulation: 0, absent; 1, present.
= Norell et al. 2001 character 163 - Antitrochanter posterior to acetabulum absent or poorly developed (0) or prominent (1).
= Maryanska et al. 2002 character 163 - Antitrochanter on the ilium: present (0); absent (1).

femur - separation of anterior trochanter from greater trochanter
= Gauthier 1986 character 82 - anterior trochanter nearly confluent with proximal head of femur.
= Holtz 1994 character 92 - lesser trochanter proximally placed.
= Forster et al. 1998 character 91 - configuration of lesser trochanters: large and flange-like, separated from femoral shaft, head, and greater trochanter by a deep cleft (0); nearly confluent with the greater trochanter, and separated from the proximal head of femur by only a small cleft or groove (1); joined to greater trochanter to form an undivided trochanteric crest, proximal articular surface confluent with that of femoral head (2). (adapted from Ostrom, 1976; Tarsitano and Hecht, 1980; Gauthier, 1986; Currie and Russell, 1988; Perle et al., 1993)
= Xu et al. 1999 character 75 - Lesser trochanter large and flange-like, separated from femoral shaft, head, and greater trochanter by a deep cleft (0); nearly confluent with the greater trochanter, and separated from the proximal head of femur by only a small cleft or groove (1) (Forster et al. 1998).
= Norell et al. 2000 character 33 - Greater and lesser trochanters widely separated by deep notch (0) or appressed or fused together (1).
= Hutchinson 2001 character 7 - Lesser trochanter (Figs 5, 6: lt; note: is derived from part of the trochanteric shelf, character 6): absent (0), small knob (1), small spine or spike (2), bladelike (3), appressed to greater trochanter (4), or fused with greater trochanter as a trochanteric crest (5; Fig. 5: tc).
= Norell et al. 2001 character 182 - Lesser trochanter separated from greater trochanter by deep cleft (0) or trochanters separated by small groove (1) or completely fused (or absent) to form crista trochanteris (2).
= Maryanska et al. 2002 character 176 - Anterior and posterior trochanters: well separated (0); contacting (1); fused (2).

calcaneum - size
= Martin 1997 character 36 - astragalus forming both medial and lateral condyles of tibiotarsus.
= Makovicky and Sues 1998 character 92 - calcaneum large (0) or calcaneum small and possibly fused to astragalus (Welles and Long, 1974).
= Sereno 1999 character 71 - Calcaneum, distal articular width: 20-25% (0), or 10% (1), of maximum transverse width of astragalus.
= Azuma and Currie 2000 character 17 - Calcaneum: 0, large; 1, small and possibly fused to astragalus (Welles and Long, 1974).

So it seems all the characters Paul suggested have been included in some analyses, but it's complicated because not all code the characters in a way that distinguishes Archaeopteryx and dromaeosaurs (e.g. both have bowed third metacarpals [except Achillobator and Velociraptor], but Paul claims dromaeosaurs' are more bowed). Also, very few analyses have included microraptorians, which are the only dromaeosaurs to show some of these characters (tapered distal scapula, incipient cervical heterocoely, flange on manual phalanx II-1, more than three sternocostal articulations). Finally, if dromaeosaurids sensu stricto are coded as one OTU, they'll be polymorphic for some of the characters (opisthopuby, metacarpal III bowing, sacral number). Incidentally, the TWG matrix includes ten of Paul's 20 characters.

Mickey Mortimer

Mickey Mortimer