Updated matrix (long)

["David Marjanovic" <david.marjanovic@gmx.at>]

Finally I have included the new information provided by listmembers (I hope
I haven't overlooked something). Among this is splitting the multistate
arctometatarsus into 4 characters. Characters 7 and 8 are one-way
correlated -- you can have 18 without 19 but not vice versa. I have also
introduced some order into the list. For faster comparison (to make sure
that the numbers line up better) I've now put the names at the ends of the
lines.
        Should I introduce a state "absent (2)" into the dental characters,
and differentiate serrations on the anterior and posterior (labial and
caudal?) carinae?
        I will probably add a character about sigmoid vs. straight furcular
rami and the interclavicular angle once I have some measurements.
        Ornithomimosaurs are partially coded after *Pelicanimimus* (I know
too little about its teeth) and "*Ginnareemimus*". Let's see if that
destroys Bullatosauria, er, makes it a synonym of Maniraptoriformes :-)
        I can't check if most codings of *Bambiraptor* are correct.
        Could someone explain me how unapplicable characters are treated by
programs, now that I have dental characters and toothless taxa? Just like -
?
        *Sinornithosaurus* is partially coded after the no-name specimen. Is
it more honest if I write "cf. *Sinornithosaurus*" in the list?

BTW, I've finally read

Anusuya Chinsamy, Andrzej Elzanowski: Evolution of growth pattern in birds,
Nature 412, 402f. (26 July 2001)
and
Kevin Padian, Armand J. de Ricqlès & John R. Horner: Dinosaurian growth
rates and bird origins, same issue, 405 -- 408.

The former finds out that *Rahonavis* has the same sort of bone growth as
Enantiornithes, therefore this is inferred to be a synapomorphy of Aves lost
in something like Euornithes; the latter shows that *Confuciusornis* has the
primitive condition like all nonavian theropods -- so *Rahonavis* and
Enantiornithes must have evolved slower growth rates independently! (A
reversal in *Confuciusornis* doesn't fit the picture at all.) Sad to say I
can't add that character to my matrix because unless I split Pygostylia
(probably I'll do it some time) it's an autapomorphy of *Rahonavis*.

I had to set character 23 at the usual 26/25 instead of 25/24 vertebrae
because *Microraptor* has 24 _or_ 25. *Nomingia* has 24 but 7 sacrals. If
this means that one dorsal and one caudal became sacrals it would have had
25 caudals had it had a 5-vertebrae sacrum. *Archaeopteryx* has 25 caudals,
doesn't it?
        Is any theropod known to have exactly 26 caudals? :-)
        BTW, of all "dromaeosaurs" *Microraptor* has "partial fusion of the
last dorsal to the synsacrum" according to its description. It was getting
old!

1. Pubic apron more than one-third the length of the pubis (0), shorter or
absent (1)
2. Obturator process on ischium present (0), absent (1)
3. Ischial symphysis present (0), absent (1)
4. 5 or less (0), 6 or more (1) sacral vertebrae
5. Antitrochanter absent (0), small (1), large (2) (ordered)
6. Extra exit for V1 nerve absent (0), present (1)
7. Quadrate single-(0), double-headed (1)
8. Inflated parasphenoid capsule absent (0), present (1)
9. Inflated basisphenoid, pneumatically excavated internally: absent (0);
present (1)
10. Contact between jugals and postorbitals present (0), absent (1)
11. Ascending process of jugal present (0), absent (1)
12. 2 (0), 0 (1), 1 (2) , ridge(s) on the nasals (unordered)
13. Premaxillary teeth serrated (0), unserrated (1)
14. Maxillary and dentary teeth serrated (0), unserrated (1)
15. Constriction between tooth and crown absent (0), present (1)
16. Metatarsal III not (0) compressed or absent (1) in its proximal half
17. Mt III not (0) expanded (1) in its distal third
18. Mt III not (0) plantarly displaced at its proximal end (1)
19. Mt II and IV don't (0) touch (1) at their cranial proximal ends,
excluding III from view
20. Trochanteric crest divided (0), undivided (1)
21. Tail : femur ratio over (0), under (1) 3.5
22. Leg length : tail length ratio under 0.45 (0), in between (1), above 0.8
(2)
23. over 45 (0), 26 -- 39 (1), 25 or less (2) caudal vertebrae
24. Pygostyle absent (0), present (1)
25. Tail stiffened distally (0), distally and in the middle, but mobile at
the base (1), mobile throughout its length (save a pygostyle) (2)
26. Caudal pneumatization absent (0), occurring (1)
27. Ratio of height of neural canal in dorsal vertebrae to height of cranial
articular face less (0), more (1) than 0.40

p = polymorphism
u = unapplicable

00000 --00- 0-100 00000 00000 0- Compsognathidae
1---0 ----- ---00 ----1 ----0 0- *Bagaraatan*
00100 00000 00000 10000 00101 p0 Dromaeosauridae
00?0- --0-0 0?000 10000 00101 0- *Bambiraptor*
00100 -000- 0-100 1000- 01-01 0- *Sinornithosaurus*
00?0- ----- --1p1 1000- 01201 -- *Microraptor*
00000 0000- 0011? 10000 02201 0- *Archaeopteryx*
00110 ----- ----- 00001 01--1 01 *Rahonavis*
00000 10010 02000 11110 01100 00 Tyrannosauroidea
000p? 10110 0?001 11000 01100 00 Ornithomimosauria
00010 10110 0?1p1 11111 011-1 00 Troodontidae
000p2 1-010 01u01 00000 121-2 00 Segnosauria
0001? 11010 0puuu 10000 12102 10 Oviraptoridae
00011 --0-- --uuu 11110 ----2 10 Caenagnathidae
00?01 110-0 0-1u0 10000 122?2 0- *Caudipteryx*
00-11 ----- ------ ----- 12212 1- *Nomingia*
1--12 --001 1---- 11u11 ----- -1 *Avimimus*
01012 -1001 1111- 00000 111-2 11 Alvarezsauridae
----- ----- --u-- 10-0- 12--- -- *Yandangornis*
11112 1100p 0111? 10?01 12212 -1 Pygostylia

1 Is not totally clear in *Confuciusornis*.
5 I was surprised to see today that *Syntarsus* has an antitrochanter, and
not a very small one.
15 *Archaeopteryx* has the famous constriction, but does someone know about,
say, *Sinornis*? The condition in *Ichthyornis* and Hesperornithiformes is
highly derived (big cylindrical roots), totally unlike *Archaeopteryx* or
segnosaurs.
16 In *Yandangornis* the entire fused metatarsus is narrowed in the middle
and more proximally. Therefore I gave it 1, even though mt III is expanded
at its proximal end. Entire foot of Pygostylia coded after a very good photo
*Confuciusornis* (I haven't had a good look at a real specimen for months,
but that will come).