Combined Re: Another anatomy question

["David Marjanovic" <david.marjanovic@gmx.at>]

>   This is more of a matter of the pedicels becoming taller, and the
transverse processes becoming
> dorsally deflected, causing the rib articulations to be more dorsally
positioned relative to other
> ornithischian (even ceratopsian) or sauropod dorsals. This space is used
internally to house the
> kidneys, caudal/dorsal extent of the lungs, and internal musculature.

I see. That sounds plausible. Thanks! :-)

>    Jaime A. Headden said, "For clarification's sake to something Ray
> Stanford wrote, the neural arch is every part of the vertebra that is not
> the centra, and includes the neural pedicels and all apophyses
(neurapophyis
> [neural spine], diapophyses, parapophyses, and zygapophyses, and in birds,
> the hypoapophysis)."
>
>     I was using the definition of neural arch given in Jeff Poling's
on-line
> Anatomical Dictionary, which gave this definition: "...the opening in a
> vertebra through which the spinal cord passes".

That's the neural canal. Its upper three quarters or so (arch-shape) are
formed by the neural arch('s pedicels).
BTW, I think the diapophyses are the transverse processes.

>     Just below that, Jeff defines neural spine as, "...the large 'spike'
of
> bone that rises above the top of a vertebra to which the muscles and
> tendons...attach".

Correct.