AdriÃn PÃramo, Pedro Mocho & Francisco Ortega (2020)
Three-dimensional analysis of the titanosaurian limb skeleton: implications for systematic analysis.
Journal of Iberian Geology (advance online publication)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-020-00139-8https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41513-020-00139-8The titanosaurian appendicular skeleton exhibits morphological similarities among different clades and its osteological information is usually less taxonomically meaningful than those of other regions of the skeleton. There is a probable morphological convergence due to morphofunctional similarities between members of different titanosaurian groups. In addition, higher intraspecific variability has hindered the assessment of similar forms such as the Late Cretaceous titanosaurians of the Ibero-Armorican domain. The use of 3D-geometric morphometrics and discriminant analyses on an abundant sample of titanosaurian limb elements from the Lo Hueco site and other titanosaurian taxa has been able to characterize the differences between several sauropod clades with the control of the intraspecific variability. Similar methods with the use of surface analyses of other titanosaurs enabled the recognition of morphological similarities congruent with morphofunctional convergences between one of the lithostrotian morphotypes identified in Lo Hueco (the Morphotype II) and some gracile colossosaurs such as Mendozasaurus neguyelap. In contrast, Morphotype I at Lo Hueco present a more typical titanosaurian morphology, resembling Jainosaurus cf. septentrionalis. The use of discriminant analyses allowed us to distinguish Colossosauria on the basis of limb morphology for the first time. We also observed that Colossosauria and Saltasauridae diverge from a more typical titanosaurian non-autopodial limb skeleton. Our results also suggest a highly different and specialized limb skeleton for the Saltasauridae in comparison with other sampled titanosaurians. The use of surface semilandmarks and discriminant analyses also allowed us to propose several new potential osteological characters for use in phylogenetic analyses through the maximization of differences between the sampled clades.