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Time Line (NC) 2



Stage        top of stage date (Ma)      Events (apprx. dates)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Maastrichtian    65               Terminal Cretaceous extinction and          
                                              Deccan lavas, impact etc. (65Ma)
 Campanian        74               Earliest grasses (72Ma)
                                              Last of the Pteridosperms (75Ma)
 Santonian          83               Gt. Antilles join Yucatan (85Ma)
                                              Tasman Sea opens (85Ma)
 Coniacian          86.6            Labrador sea opens (87Ma)
                                              Indian and Madagascar separate 
(88Ma)
 Turonian            88.5            Australia parts Antarctica and Rockall
                                              Trough opens (89Ma)
                                              First appearance of Metatherians 
(90Ma)
 Cenomanian      90.4            Canada Basin open (91Ma)
                                              angiosperm radiation
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Albian                97                S. Tibet joins Eurasia (110Ma)
                                               Equatorial Atlantic opens (110Ma)
 Aptian                112              Rajmahal lavas (115Ma)
                                               Bay of Biscay opens (115Ma)
                                               Iberia parts Grand Banks (118Ma)
                                               First appearance of angiosperms 
                                               (123Ma)
 Barremian         124.5           South Atlantic opens (130Ma)
 Hauterivian       131.8           E. Indian Ocean opens (132Ma)
 Valanginian       135              India parts from Australia/Antarctica 
                                               (135Ma)
                                               Canada Basin opens (136Ma)
                                               First placental animals (136Ma)
                                               Parana (Serra Geral) Lavas 
(140Ma)
 Berriasian         140.7           
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Tithonian           145.6           First appearance of birds (147Ma)
                                               First Teleosts (150Ma)
                                               Lhasa Qiang blocks close 
palaeo-Tethys 
                                               (150 Ma)
 Kimmeridgian   152.1
 Oxfordian          154.7           India/Madagascar/Antarctica separate 
                                               (156Ma)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Callovian           157.1           Gulf of Mexico opens (158Ma)
 Bathonian          161.3           Mozambique Basin opens (162Ma)
                                                First rudists (162Ma)
                                                Neo-Tethys opens (164Ma)
 Bajocian            166.1            Central Atlantic opens (167Ma)
                                                E. Gondwana parts from W. 
Gondwana 
                                                (168Ma)
 Aalenian             173.5           First globigerinas (175Ma)
                                                Tasman and Ferrar volcanism 
(176Ma)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Toarcian             178              Karoo volcanism ends (187Ma)
 Pliensbachian    187              Liberian volcanism (190Ma)
 Sinemurian         194.5          First grazing echinoids (195Ma)
                                                Karoo volcanism begins (195Ma)
                                                Newark Group Lavas (200Ma)
 Hettangian          203.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Rhaetian             208              Rifting between Gondwana and 
                                                 Laurasia (209Ma)
                                                 Early mammals (209Ma)
 Norian                 209.5           Terminal Triassic extinction (212Ma)
 Carnian               223.4

 Based on Harland et al. 1989 *A Geologic Time Scale*  p174-5

Neil Clark
Curator of Palaeontology
Hunterian Museum
University of Glasgow
email: NCLARK@museum.gla.ac.uk

Some large dinosaurs had three horns and were called
triceps, others had two horns and were called biceps.
(Geological Howlers - ed. WDI Rolfe)