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Time Line (NC) 2
Stage top of stage date (Ma) Events (apprx. dates)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maastrichtian 65 Terminal Cretaceous extinction and
Deccan lavas, impact etc. (65Ma)
Campanian 74 Earliest grasses (72Ma)
Last of the Pteridosperms (75Ma)
Santonian 83 Gt. Antilles join Yucatan (85Ma)
Tasman Sea opens (85Ma)
Coniacian 86.6 Labrador sea opens (87Ma)
Indian and Madagascar separate
(88Ma)
Turonian 88.5 Australia parts Antarctica and Rockall
Trough opens (89Ma)
First appearance of Metatherians
(90Ma)
Cenomanian 90.4 Canada Basin open (91Ma)
angiosperm radiation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Albian 97 S. Tibet joins Eurasia (110Ma)
Equatorial Atlantic opens (110Ma)
Aptian 112 Rajmahal lavas (115Ma)
Bay of Biscay opens (115Ma)
Iberia parts Grand Banks (118Ma)
First appearance of angiosperms
(123Ma)
Barremian 124.5 South Atlantic opens (130Ma)
Hauterivian 131.8 E. Indian Ocean opens (132Ma)
Valanginian 135 India parts from Australia/Antarctica
(135Ma)
Canada Basin opens (136Ma)
First placental animals (136Ma)
Parana (Serra Geral) Lavas
(140Ma)
Berriasian 140.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tithonian 145.6 First appearance of birds (147Ma)
First Teleosts (150Ma)
Lhasa Qiang blocks close
palaeo-Tethys
(150 Ma)
Kimmeridgian 152.1
Oxfordian 154.7 India/Madagascar/Antarctica separate
(156Ma)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Callovian 157.1 Gulf of Mexico opens (158Ma)
Bathonian 161.3 Mozambique Basin opens (162Ma)
First rudists (162Ma)
Neo-Tethys opens (164Ma)
Bajocian 166.1 Central Atlantic opens (167Ma)
E. Gondwana parts from W.
Gondwana
(168Ma)
Aalenian 173.5 First globigerinas (175Ma)
Tasman and Ferrar volcanism
(176Ma)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Toarcian 178 Karoo volcanism ends (187Ma)
Pliensbachian 187 Liberian volcanism (190Ma)
Sinemurian 194.5 First grazing echinoids (195Ma)
Karoo volcanism begins (195Ma)
Newark Group Lavas (200Ma)
Hettangian 203.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rhaetian 208 Rifting between Gondwana and
Laurasia (209Ma)
Early mammals (209Ma)
Norian 209.5 Terminal Triassic extinction (212Ma)
Carnian 223.4
Based on Harland et al. 1989 *A Geologic Time Scale* p174-5
Neil Clark
Curator of Palaeontology
Hunterian Museum
University of Glasgow
email: NCLARK@museum.gla.ac.uk
Some large dinosaurs had three horns and were called
triceps, others had two horns and were called biceps.
(Geological Howlers - ed. WDI Rolfe)